Pattern of Viteoretinal Diseases in Patients of Kangra Valley

foundation Aims and Objectives: To determine the pattern of vitreoretinal diseases in patients the retina Materials and Methods : A retrospective analysis of the patients attending the retina clinic over a period of one year 2015 to 2016 was carried out from the out patient register. The patients with a very hazy media and posterior uveitis were excluded from the study. Statistical Analysis: The significance was determined using percentage. Results : In our study out of 424 cases, 237 (55.96%) were males and 187 (44.10%) were females. In our first age group less than equal to 40 years, out of 122 patients there were 72 males (59.01%) and 50 (40.98%) females and diabetic retinopathy was the commonest disorder in them followed by retinal detachment. In the second age group more than 40 years there were 302 patients including, 165 (54.63%) males and 137 (45.36%) females. Age related macular degeneration (ARMD) was the commonest disorder in them followed by diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: With increase in age there in increase in number of retinal disorders. Out of the total diseases Diabetic retinopathy was the commonest retinal disorder (27.59%) and there was a male preponderance to it. The second most common retinal disorder was ARMD (20.04%), followed by retinal detachment (11.55%).


Introduction
The causes of blindness and the pattern of eye diseases differ in developing and developed countries and often in communities nearly eighty percent of the considerable burden of blindness in India is attributed to curable causes, such as cataracts and refractive errors. 1 A study of the pattern of ocular diseases is very important because while some eye conditions are just causes of ocular morbidity others invariably lead to blindness. 2 A recent study 3 found that retinal disorders are an important cause of blindness in India. It is estimated that there will be 244 million people (14.9% of the population) 65 years and older by 2050 compared with 42 million (4.5% of the population) in 1995. 4 This shift in demographics is likely to be accompanied by a shift in the prevalence of retinal diseases as major causes of blindness in India. Hence the current study was done keeping the above points in consideration to evaluatethe pattern of Vitreoretinal disorders in Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Tanda, India (RPGMC) Tanda.

Materials And Methods
The current study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra at Tanda, India. A total of 439 patients were analysed over a period of one year i.e 2015 to 2016. All these patients were subjected to a detailed dilated fundus evaluation and bscan, oct, fundus photographs were done accordingly. A retrospective analysis of the patients attending the retina clinic was carried out from the out patient register. The patients with a very hazy media and posterior uveitis were excluded from the study. The data was analysed and significance was determined using percentage. Approval from be institutional ethics committee Dr. RPGMC Tanda was taken prior to conducting the study.

Result
A retrospective analysis of the patients attending retina clinic of Dr. RPGMC TANDA was done over a period of one year (2015 to 2016) and these were the results. In our study out of 424 cases, 237 (55.96%) were males and 187 (44.10%) were females ( Table 1). The patients were divided into two groups In our first age group less than equal to 40 years, out of 122 patients there were 72 males (59.01%) and 50 (40.98%) females and diabetic retinopathy was the commonest disorder in them followed by retinal detachment (Table 2). In the second age group more than 40 years there were 302 patients including, 165 (55.96%) males and 137 (45.36%) females. There was a male preponderance in our study. ARMD was the commonest disorder in them followed by www.djo.org.in Vol. 31, No. 1, July-September 2020 DJO

Discussion
These results are comparable with the study conducted by The Aravind comprehensive study in which prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 0.5% and ARMD was 2.7% in patients of 40 yrs and older age. Another study in Karachi reported diabetic retinopathy as most common cause (39.8%) for registration in retina clinic. A study conducted in Bhaktapur reported Armd as the most common retinal disorder with a prevalence of 1.50%.They also repoted that increasing age is associated with a higher prevalence of retinal disorder. Study by TS Oluleye et al and Onakpoya et al also reported Armd as the commonest disease which is consistent with our study. Another study by AImal khan et al reported diabetic retinal conditions as the most common cause (39.8%) which is again consistent with our study.

Conclusion
Diabetic retinopathy was the commonest retinal disorder in the patients attending the retina clinic of Dr. R.P.G.M.C., Tanda. With increase in age there is increase in Diabetic Retinopathy as it is linked with duration if diabetes. It was consistent with our results which showed increase in diabetic retinopathy in patients more than 40 years of age and also with a male preponderance. ARMD was the second most common retinal disorder however it was more common in patients above 40 years of age.
The limitations of the current study are that the sample size was small and further analysis of various diseases could not be done.